> > >Saw a paper called "Effect of oxalic acid on Nosema ceranae infection" - > I've mentioned this paper in my articles, but have yet to attempt to confirm it in my own operation. I did help Buddy May with his summer dribble experiment. There appeared to be a possible beneficial effect against nosema in the summer, but not substantial. I suspect that the mode of action would be that when bees ingest OA, their ventricular epithelial cells (the gut lining) commit apoptosis (they die and shed), which would have the expected effect of removing a lot of nosema infection. Until better replicated, I'm not sure how far we can run with it : ) -- Randy Oliver Grass Valley, CA www.ScientificBeekeeping.com *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html