Hi Charles Do not know the answer, but on top of my mind comes If I am not mistaken though they swarm out many times a year, year round?? My understanding of the bumbles is they work as a family unit until winter, then the queens hibernate.. so only one jump per season??? And in the UK and NA, that season is only 6 months...?? Just thinking out loud.... *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html