Although some beekeepers here maintain that the beetles are knocking over 'good' hives, I and some mates believe it is only hives that have a problem that succumb. Geoff, where are you from??? I am also thinking that weather/soil types are playing a factor. The beetles success in pupating being a portion of that. Hence the wisdom of full sun. I think moist damp shaded areas can allow more larva to successfully pupate. Charles *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html