Have to say that I am horrified by suggestions that honey should be fed back to colonies other than to the one that produced it of course (but in that case why take it off them in the first place?). What better way to spread disease! This is the interesting point, especially on feeds there is a wide spread on information, from don't let the bees clean up supers that are not theirs, to honey is the only food for bees. This is one area (of many in beekeeing) that the answers are very muddled and confused. It is impossible to make a successful summer splits for spring without doing one of the two in most parts of the country. Here in the Midwest a july split can not forage enough to raise brood and sufficient stores. Choices have to be made. I am no expert on Gene or his work, but from what little I know of what hes researching, and what I read, I would say he was not trying to point to a conclusion on winter feeds, just that the bees bodies see these foods differently and what information went with it concerning fat bodies. Charles *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html