And, how could a queen know she did not have sperm available to fertilize
an egg?  Queens that run out of sperm do not lay only in drone cells as far
as I know.

I do know you can easily crush the abdomen on a queen when you pinch her.
The spermathca is a small round ball that is easily  found.  If its clear,
she has no sperm,  cloudy and she still had some.

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