Randy said:
>For anyone wishing to understand the main causes of colony fall and winter
mortality, this is the study!  It completely corroborates everything that I
have found in my own studies! 

The main cause?

 Would not *one  of* fit better?

In my opinion nothing new in the study. Varroa & virus has been studied for over two decades. 

Fast forward to the end and the untreated controls crashed .

(not good news for the no treatment crowd)

The conclusion is if you control varroa infestation viruses stay in check.

Dr. Shiminuki explained the concept back in the late 80's.

Dr Shiminuki named Parasitic mite syndrome (PMS) 

bob

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