<1. Bees can have a severe case of Nosema but not have dysentery. <2. Bees can have a severe case of Nosema and have dysentery. <3. Bees can have a severe case of dysentery but not a case of Nosema. That's my understanding, but possibly added: 4. The conditions that cause dysentary can also spread Nosema, i.e. deficating in the hive can allow Nosema, if present, to be spread to nurse bees and young bees by cleaning up etc. Though dysentary does not cause nosema. Jeremy west Michigan *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm