If they are the studies I remember, above 4.4 was harmful and below that was less or marginally effective. Sort of a sweet spot for oxalic. As I recall from a lecture at Apimondia in Dublin in 2005 the Italians had concluded that the concentration of sugar was as important as the concentration of Oxalic, with 3.6% being as good as or better than 4.2. Chris *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm