>that _most_ CCD is imaginary, So perhaps you can explain why winter loss (in NA) has increased by +10% the past 5 years. I will agree that there has been much mis-diagnosis >and that any real CCD by its nature is hard to observe Not so, look at the nearest survivor hive, there are nearly always some. dave *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm