Fumagillin has been used to successfully control N. apis; however, we found that treatment of colonies with fumagillin did not reduce N. ceranae levels significantly when colonies were re-examined and did not result in significantly higher winter survival with the untreated hives having a slightly higher survival. Our studies have found that treatment with fumagilin in the fall and pollen supplement feeding in the winter did not result in a decrease in N. ceranae levels. Furthermore, the survival of the colonies was not increased significantly when treatment or feeding was administered suggesting that regardless of N. ceranae levels, treatment may not be effective. We have observed strong colonies (determined by frames of brood, adult bee population, and surplus honey production) that have very high levels of N. ceranae, and these colonies have thrived and showed no symptoms of collapse as previously reported by Spanish researchers Infection Cycle, Transmission Mechanisms, and Management of Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera Colonies Brenna Elizabeth Traver *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm