Hello All, If anyone is interested, I have the completed the manuscript on the year of phenomenal weather; 1816. I could not locate much information concerning beekeeping in that year. I did, howerver, located references on bees from Isaac Espinasse, Robert Huish and some misc. accounts from England and Switzerland. I was interested in what affect the cold weather may have had on the introduction of wax worm into America which occurred between 1800 and 1806. I did find evidence which may suggest wax moth spread was greatly slowed, and took 4 times longer to spread between the cold period which lasted from 1811 to 1817. But I did not enter this information into the manuscript, because I felt the evidence was not powerful enough to make the conclusion that the cold period was the cause. I did conclude the weather during 1816 must have been devastating to some areas, and beneficial to other regions. New England must have experienced great mortality, and bee hardship must have been felt as far south as North Carolina. Europe experienced bee hardship, as well as great devastation in some regions. I have decided to let the reader make the determination as to what effect the weather may have had on bees by creating a calendar of events for the year, located in Part IV ~ A Calendar of Events for 1816. This, information is referenced from some 38 sources. The calendar of events, contains some descriptions of the phenomenal weather and hardships experienced by the people across the northern hemisphere in the year 1816. The manuscript can be located in the files section, as well as the archive at this site. http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/HistoricalHoneybeeArticles 13) 1816, The Year Without Summer.docx Best Wishes, Joe Waggle *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm