I think it was Mark Wilson who determined that the bees' proventriculus sieved off something like 85% of the AFB spores within the first 45 (!) minutes of gorging on AFB-laden honey.  [That it some efficient spore filtering!]  In the case of swarms, that would be just 45 minutes after issuing from the parent hive. I have not seen the spore elimination curve but would risk thinking that AFB spores are a non-issue for any swarm a few hours after leaving the parent colony. Virtually all feral colonies are started by swarms and, in years of doing removals, have not seen a single feral colony with AFB disease.  I had really expected to see one every once in a while. And I have not gotten AFB by hiving ferals - bees, comb, and brood - in my equipment.  Waldemar
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