Waldemar mentions the period of broodlessness for knocking back the mites. This is the time some commercial beekeepers are feeding hives in preparation for going to the almonds. That might interfere even with the efficacy of grooming behavior as a weapon against varroa. Bees need to find some balance between work, rest, and reproduction. If we cooperate in finding that balance, maybe we'll both be more successful. The mites have been with the bees for millions of years, so there was a balance at some point...how did that work? all best, Pat in Sonoma County (another treatment-free lady beekeeper) *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm