Bob; I am interested in your comments on cleaning up nosema over the course of a year. I just got lab results back from 2 yards that were doing poorly and have high spore counts in both yards. The NC lab does not distinguish between Nosema species. I have given both yards a teaspoon of Fumidil already. I got negative results from other yards but plan to treat everything as I have not had Nosema problems before and I don't want any lingering hot spots. What's your advice for the future? Both of these yards were started with 3 frame splits in June with 'resistant' queens. I am very suspicious that I got the nosema from the queen introduction. No proof, but very suspicious. thanks, Bill Lord *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Access BEE-L directly at: http://community.lsoft.com/scripts/wa-LSOFTDONATIONS.exe?A0=BEE-L