> Only thing is, we've got N Ceranae in Europe as well, and aren't > seeing the same pattern of colony collapse. It may well be part of the > picture, > but surely there's more to it. Agree. It always gets back to symptoms. CCD has been defined. So a variety of symptoms caused by a weak immune system (the bee can catch anything) is not CCD. But a weak immune system which results in CCD means that there is something else at work. Gets back into the possibility that a combination of pathogens causes CCD. Bill Truesdell Bath, Maine *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html