CCD has occurred in more than 40 states. Whether it occurs in UK, Spain, Italy, France is arguable. Since CCD is defined by symptoms, and since there has been no systematic sharing of samples, etc. - its impossible to know whether what we call CCD in the states is the same as what causes the bee losses in other countries. I am convinced CCD occurs in Canada. The Spanish have something similar, but I've seen what they call CCD, and I have always found it to be associated with N. ceranae, as they have - but CCD, based on symptoms, is a bit different. The two disorders may be similar, and there may be a link between them. In South America, I've seen other dwindling problems, but what I've seen is not the same as CCD. Jerry **************What's for dinner tonight? Find quick and easy dinner ideas for any occasion. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?ncid=emlcntusfood00000009) *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html