allen writes: "SO, what I want to know is not just that people are seeing some reduction in susceptibility, but some good guesses as to where the adaptive traits are coming from." How would anyone know? There are things in the realm of honeybee genetics that operate totally outside of anyone's control. I think the answer could well be contained within the extended version of your question; i.e. all of the above. Steve Noble *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html