In a message dated 19/08/2008 13:58:46 GMT Daylight Time, [log in to unmask] writes: <<Species with mean crude protein levels below 20% include: Black she oak, Black thistle, Blueberry, Buckwheat, Capeweed, Citrus, Eggs and bacon, Flat weed, Lavender, Maize, Nodding thistle, Saffron thistle, Silky hakea, Sunflower and Willow. If these pollens are the dominant or only species being collected, then it can be assumed that the colonies will decline in populations, particularly if they are made to work a medium to heavy honey flow following the feeding of this pollen to developing larvae and young adult bees.>> Does that apply to all willow species? I regard it as a vital component for colony buildup; I've always noticed that colonies only really build up after the willow becomes available. A cold spring like the last, when the bees were unable to work the willow, always leads to a delayed buildup. Once they can work it, it's covered in bees, and I see little else coming in until dandelion becomes available in turn. So I'm surprised to see that it's being suggested that a diet of willow could lead to colony decline! Regards, Robert Brenchley Birmingham UK **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * ****************************************************