Hi Guys, Two more thoughts. Jim, I looked back and noted that your nosema samples were taken from the broodnest. This will tend to give you a low count by a factor of 10 or more. Bob, the only time that I've seen substantial fall "swarming" was when bees first suffered from PMS. But I did note a couple of rare fall "swarms" in my operation last year. This phenomenon might tie to the overall jitteryness reported for CCD colonies. Randy **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * ****************************************************