On Mon, 10 Dec 2007 15:33:05 -0800, Mike Stoops <[log in to unmask]> wrote: But in what I've read in the commentaries here I can't recall anyone saying "all" the collapsed colonies that were called CCD affected had Nosema Ceranae. > >Mike in LA Without getting too convoluted in who said what when please refer to: http://bee-quick.com/reprints/practical.pdf Mr Fisher references the paper “A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder” (“Science”, 09/06/07) and says " Although the authors dismissed Nosema as a possible correlating factor for CCD, their tests found Nosema to be surprisingly common. Nearly universal. Every apiary affected by CCD was found to have Nosema, and 90% of them had both types of Nosema at the same time. Even among apiaries said to be “free of CCD”, 92% of them were found to have Nosema ceranae, and 47% of them had Nosema apis. " Apiaries Apiaries With CCD Free Of CCD Nosema apis 90% 47.6% Nosema ceranae 100% 92.1% ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ******************************************************