Here is a bit more information from Steve Pernal that Eric Mussen included in his newsletter. Notice that scorching is not as foolproof as some people believe. “ He first looked at possible ways to decontaminate woodenware from hives containing dead larvae, scale, and contaminated food stores. 1. Scorching and Virkon S ® were about 84% effective. 2. Powered water was 81% effective. 3. Scrubbing was 77% effective. 4. Steam and lye were nearly 100% effective, as is irradiation.” Regards, Dick Allen -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---