Peter, Here....seeing the situation first hand means a lot. It is not what you seem to think. Also the queens are not that bad either, though they do superceed usually within the year. But nowadays, with coumaphos and other treatments so do many queens. But the main thing is the bees handled the situation, and no hive contamination is involved. Also it is written in archives as being known in all races. Cannot go natural beekeeping by the way without knowing what natural beekeeping is.......and involves. Respectfully submitted, Dee A. Lusby Small Cell Commercial Beekeeper Moyza, Arizona http://groups.yahoo.com/group/organicbeekeepers/ __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---