Indeed bumblebees are eusocial insects, they just have an annual cycle like paper wasps (polistes) and yellow jackets. Dr. Nick Calderone has a student who was studying bumble bees and who also came to my lab and measured juvenile hormone for over 300 samples. Dr. Marla Spivak also had students studying bumble bees. Dr. Jonathan Canaani studied bumble bees in Tucson a couple of years ago but now he has a company (rearing Bombus) in Israel. some biology of bumble bees can be found on my site: http://cyberbee.net/column/ pollinator/bumblepoll.shtml Zachary, http://www.bees.net -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---