Dave, >>I think average bee size in USA is smaller than UK... a very low percentage of AMM genes and all other races have smaller bodies. I did not realize AMM were larger than Italians, Carniolans, or Caucasians. If I recall right, Caucasians are the smallest with the longest tongues allowing them to take interest in red clover... Since different races show different preferences/tendencies in many areas, perhaps they adapt different cell sizes... Instead of focusing on the 'right' or 'natural' cell width, the cell diameter should be described as a fraction of the average bee body envolope for each race? Moreover, as Dennis Murrell has shown, there is no such thing as a single cell size in any naturally drawn out nest. >>Secondly the majority of foundation supplied in UK over the last fifty years has been 5.45 mm or larger. I see. Do you have any feral AMM populations of in remote natural reserves etc. perhaps? It would be most interesting to measure their cell sizing. Waldemar -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---