In message <[log in to unmask]>, Christopher Reed <[log in to unmask]> writes >I have heard many beekeepers recommend feeding >syrup of a two-to-one ratio in autumn. Interesting that Johansson and Johansson recommend 61% which is close enough to 6kg to 4l for the autumn feed as it gives the best conversion. (Some Important Operations in Beekeeping, IBRA 1978: all chapters previously published in Bee World; the one on feeding in 1976 and 77 - a comprehensive summary of the research on feeding at the time which could not then include HFCS of course). It does not crystallise for me. -- James Kilty :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/BEE-L for rules, FAQ and other info --- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::