Hi Marc and Everyone, Rearrange a hive or two according to Housel and report back with your observations. You are not obligated to prove anything. And why do we use smoke anyway? Dennis I can see clearly now. Thousands of years ago. Bored boy with stick. Bees in tree. Combs rearrange not according to Housel. Many very stressed bees. Mom with water. Dad with fire. Miscalculation. Ah Ha. The smoldering brand! :>)