Learning involves taking past experience (or knowledge) and applying it to a new situation. Instinct does not require "learning", although practice (experience) can improve results and "learning" can improve the results further (in some circumstances). As an example, for man to fly, not only is learning required (how to operate the controls of whatever craft is chosen), but a certain base of experience (not to mention an aircraft) is required to start. For a bird to fly requires a simple, perhaps panicked, muscle response to falling out of the nest. Of course, one hopes that the practice of each results in better flights after a period of time. Bees do many things on instinct, some become better through practice. But, memorizing the correct route through a maze is more of a measure of patterning, rather than of intelligence (the experience of a single maze does not really help in the next one, unless pattern clues are used). The bee's general behavior of foraging ensures that eventually the solution to the maze is found ... with some visual or other sensory clue, the bee is capable of memorizing the "solution" -- much as the location of good foraging grounds and how to get there and back are "learned". Most measures of non-humans are along the lines of this type of "learned behavior", as are many tests for very young human subjects (also known as students). The problem is determining the difference between learning (education) and intelligence: think of intelligence as the capability to learn something. We can test if you have learned "it", assigning a _minimum_ level of intelligence to the subject. It is harder to test the capability itself, so we generally don't try, instead coming up with "standardized" tests that "anyone" should be able to pass. Of course, that's where the cultural bias problems kick in -- not just because of non-exposure of certain groups to the information being tested (easily overcome by standardized curriculums -- you think that middle class kids have much more in common with the culture of the greek classics or really speak the language of shakespeare, than other income groups?), but because of the peer-enforced intentional lack of learning in certain cultures and age groups. Too bad that our ability to learn quickly/easily decreases as we age, forever limiting those that do not apply themselves or that do not receive sufficient challenges when young. As to the brains of drones, the increased sensors from antenna and especially from the eyes, would require a much larger volume of processing power, just to stay at the same "speed" as the other bees' brains (for examples of this, look at how the increased resolution of your new digital camera eats up memory on those high res pictures and how much slower your computer is when applying filters to higher res images -- then multiply immensely when talking about image processing in real time). The processing power required for locating a small, bee sized object against either the sky or the ground, at a distance, then calculating the best trajectory to get there before the competition would be much greater than that required for flying up in the sky and avoiding the (much) larger bird objects there. If this excess brain power were being used for much of anything else, one would expect the drones to have figured out how to quit getting tossed out of the hive in the fall, by now.