Larry: The article I quoted from was titled "Choose Carbohydrates Carefully for Your Bees" by R.E.L (Dick) Rogers Apiculturist/Tree Fruit Entomologist, Nova Scotia Dept. of Agriculture, Kentville, NS. My apologies for leaving that information out. As I previously posted, I don't know which issue of the American Bee Journal it came from, but it was supposedly reprinted from Hivelights, August, 1995, Canadian Honey Council Regards, Dick