Kathy D., You admit to not catching the beginning of this discussion and yet you quickly write that I have no credibility because I have not cited my sources of information. Over and over again I have cited sources. I actually posted a correction to my one of my last posts with the web site where the abstract on the modification of grains was posted. No it never stated oats and I never said oats (not oatmeal) were genetically modified. Although I did say I suspected oats were because all the other grains were being used. The major discussion is the genetic engineering of human milk components to be used in infant formula and in pharmaceuticals. This is a patent (one of about 200--I hope that you don't want me to post them all). It was filed in September 1991 and approved in February 2000. Valerie W. McClain, IBCLC You will have to go to the US Patent Office http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html do a number search---6020015 to see the whole patent. United States Patent 6,020,015 Gaull February 1, 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Infant formula compositions and nutrition containing genetically engineered human milk proteins Abstract Compositions containing human milk proteins, including the so-called host resistance factors of human milk, prepared by chemically synthesizing the human milk proteins or by genetic engineering techniques for producing recombinant human milk proteins, are useful for supplementing or enhancing the diet of infants, particularly very-low-birth-weight infants. The human milk proteins include the host resistance factors (HRF) found in human milk, such as lactoferrin (LF), lactoperoxidase (LP), lysozyme (LZ), immunoglobulin-A (IgA), alpha-lactalbumin, alpha, beta, kappa-caseins, and others. The compositions may also include components other than the human milk proteins useful for improved infant nutrition. In the utilization of the compositions of this invention, the compositions would be administered to an infant in at least an amount that the infant would receive if fed substantially only fresh human milk. Also, the proportions of the human milk proteins would preferably be present in the compositions in about the proportions these proteins are found in human milk. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Inventors: Gaull; Gerald E. (2949 Harrison St., Evanston, IL 60201) Appl. No.: 759100 Filed: September 6, 1991 Current U.S. Class: 426/580; 426/72; 426/74; 426/801; 435/192; 435/206; 530/360; 530/365 Intern'l Class: A23C 009/00 Field of Search: 426/72,74,580,801 530/387,365,360 435/192,206 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- References Cited [Referenced By] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- U.S. Patent Documents 4112123 Sep., 1978 Roberts 426/74. 4216236 Aug., 1980 Mueller et al. 426/801. 4303692 Dec., 1981 Gaull 426/580. 4419369 Dec., 1983 Nichols et al. 426/2. 4497836 Feb., 1985 Marquadt 426/239. 4519821 May., 1985 Palmiter 435/172. 4617190 Oct., 1986 Montgomery 426/61. 4670268 Jun., 1987 Mahmoud et al. 426/72. 4670285 Jun., 1987 Clandinin et al. 426/602. 4753926 Jun., 1988 Lucas et al. 426/72. 4782138 Nov., 1988 Rialland et al. 426/543. 4977137 Dec., 1990 Nichols et al. 426/74. 5795611 Aug., 1998 Slattery 426/580. Foreign Patent Documents 8511447 Jun., 1986 EP. 8830111 Feb., 1988 EP. 8022390 Feb., 1982 FR. 60-05892 Apr., 1985 JP. 8704050 Jul., 1987 WO. 880239 Jan., 1988 WO. 8801648 Aug., 1988 WO. 8810118 Dec., 1988 WO. Other References Rhein, Jr. et al. 1987. Freeing Hemophilliacs from the Risk of Aids, Business Weeks, McGraw Hill, Inc. p. 38. Lindblad et al. 1984. Human Milk Banking, Vevey/Raven Press, N.Y. pp. 159-169. Raiha, N.C.R. 1985. "Nutritional Proteins in Milk and the Protein Requirement of Normal Infants" in Pediatrics pp. 136-141. Friend, B.A. 1983. "Newer Advances in Human Milk Substitutes for Infant Feeding" J. of Applied Nutrition, vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 88-115. Haneberg et al. "Lyzomes in Feces from Infants and Children" Acta Paediatr Scand. 63:588-594 (1974). "Aids Risk in Breast Milk", New York Times, Jun. 14, 1988. Mortimer, Letter to the Lancet, Aug. 20, 1988, p. 452. Tedder, Letter to the Lancet, Aug. 20, 1988, p. 453. Hilpert et al "Bovine Milk Immunoglobulins," in Acute Diarrhea: Its Nutritional Consequences, Bellanti, J.A., ed. 1983, pp. 123-128. Mietens, "Potential Use of Bovine Milk Immunoglobulins" in Acute Diarrhea: Its Nutritional Consequences Bellanti, J.A., ed., 1983, pp. 111-121. Simon, Nature, Aug. 87, 328:530-533. Hall, Biochemical Journal, "Organization and sequence of the human alpha-lactalbumin gene", Jan. 1987 (London, England), 242:735-742. Sharmonov, "Multicomponent Additive for Infant Formula Enriched with Essential and Protective Factors," Kazakhstan Division of the Institute of Nutrition, Vopr. Pitan 1986, #3, 59-62. Palmiter et al, "Transgenic Mice," Cell, Jun., 1985, 41:343-345. Reiter, "The Biological Significance and Exploitation of Some of the Immune Systems in Milk--A Review", Microbiologie, 1984, 2:1-20. Glover, "Principles of Ultrafiltration and the Concentration and Fractionation of Cow's Milk," in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 1-16. Hilpert, "Preparation of A Milk Immunoglobulin Concentrate from Cow's Milk", in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 17-28. Reiter, "Role of Nonantibody Proteins in Milk in the Protection of the Newborn," Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 29-54. Hylmo et al, "Preparation of Fat and Protein from Banked Human Milk: Its Use in Feeding Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants", Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 55-62. Gaull et al, "Growth Modulators in Human Milk: Implications for Milk Banking", Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 63-72. Craig et al, "Cloning Proteins from Human and Guinea Pig Milk," in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 73-84. Otneaess et al, "Studies on Nonimmunoglobulin Inhibitory Activity in Human Milk Against E. Coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin, Rotavirus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus," Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 85-92. Garza et al, "Preparation and Evaluation of Fortified Human Milk for Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants," in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 101-112. Lyster et al, "Effect of Heat on Specific Proteins in Human Milk," in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, eds., (Raven Press 1984), p. 93-100. Frier et al, "Loss of Immune Components During the Processing of Human Milk," in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 123-132. Spik et al, "Characterization and Biological Role of Human Lactotransferrin Complexes," in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), pp. 133-144. Lindblad et al, "Lactoengineering: A Method for Estimation of the Human Milk Protein Requirements of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants," in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 159-170. Senterre et al, Nitrogen, Fat, and Mineral Balance Studies in Low-Birth-Weight Infants Fed with Banked Human Milk, Human Milk Formula, or Preterm Infant Formula, in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 179-184. Williams et al, "Human Milk Processing and the Nutrition of the Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infant: Discussion," in Human Milk Banking, A.F. Williams, ed., (Raven Press 1984), p. 179-184. Qasba et al, "Similarity of the nucleotide sequences of rat alpha-lactalbumin and chicken lysozyme genes," Nature, Mar. 22, 1984, 308:377-380. Swift et al, "Tissue-Specific Expression of the Rat Pancreatic Elastase I Gene in Transgenic Mice," Cell, Oct. 1984, 38: 639-646. Brock, "Lactoferrin in human milk: its role in iron absorption and protection against enteric infection in the newborn infant," Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1980, 55:417-421. Cox et al, "Iron Binding Proteins and Influx of Iron Across the Duodenal Brush Border: Evidence for Specific Lactotransferrin Receptors in the Human Intestine," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1979, 588:120-128. Webb et al, in Fundamentals of Dairy Chemistry (Avi Publishing Co. 1974), p. 465-469. Bullen et al, "Iron-binding Proteins in Milk and Resistance to Escherichia coli Infection in Infants," British Medical Jornal, Jan. 8, 1972, p. 69-75. Spik et al, "Characterization and Properties of the Human and Bovine Lactotransferrins Extracted from the Faeces of Newborn Infants," Acta Paediatr Scand 71. Oram et al, "Inhibition of Bacteria by Lactoferrin and Other Iron-Chelating Agents," Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1968, 170:351-365. Abstract, Nichols et al, "Human Lactoferrin Fortification of Formulas Promotes Thymidine Uptake Into DNA of Rat Intestinal Crypt Cells," Gastroenterology and Nutrition, p. 273A. Abstract, McClead et al, "Oral Lactoferrin (LF) and Lactoperoxidase (LP) Decrease Mortality of Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC) Infection," Neonatal Infections Diseases, p. 417A, No. 1464. Margrethe et al, "The Proteins in Whey," Compt. rend. Lab. Carlsberg, Ser. chim., vol. 23, No. 7. Abstract from Marketing Intelligence Services, Ltd., Misc. Beverages, Mar. 4, 1987, No. 74. Forsyth, "The Endocrinology of Lactation", Biochemistry of Lactation, Mepham, T.B., ed., 1983, pp. 309-349. Petersen, et al, "Immune Milk--A Historical Study," Dairy Science Abstracts, Sep. 1963, vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 345-358. Primary Examiner: Pratt; Helen Attorney, Agent or Firm: McDonnell, Boehnen, Hulbert & Berghoff ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Parent Case Text ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/247,981, filed Sep. 22, 1988 now abandoned. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *********************************************** The LACTNET mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software together with L-Soft's LSMTP(TM) mailer for lightning fast mail delivery. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html