Renato Vinicius <[log in to unmask]> wrote: >Had Toscanini any relationship with nazists or facists? Politically, he loathed facism/naziism with a fury; an attitude which cost him quite a few opportunities in Europe. Aesthetically, Toscanini was brough up with the same Goethic visions of the artist-as-hero (ie, not because the artist did something heroic, as in the case of Theodorakis; but merely because he was an artist) as the facists/nazis were; so the sense that his conducting style sounds facistic probably isn't facile. All the best, Robert Clements <[log in to unmask]>