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Subject:
From:
Angela Howell <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Lactation Information and Discussion <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Sun, 11 Apr 1999 12:07:53 +0000
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These are from LLLI's Breastfeeding Facts papers (No 545g - $.60 USD) from
a variety of years... these are inexpensive enough that it would be useful
to keep copies of many years past on file if you aren't already doing this.
 :)

Supplemental calcium does not prevent bone loss during lactation and does
not benefit lactating women more than non-lactating women.  Bone density
increases after weaning both in women who receive calcium supplementation
and in those who do not.
Kalkwarf, H.J. et al. The effect of calcium supplementation on bone density
during lactation and after weaning.  N Engl J Med 1997; 337(8):S23-28.

Increased efficiency of calcium absorption from the intestine is one
maternal physiologic adaptation used to meet the demand for calcium during
lactation, but this response is only apparent after weaning or the
resumption of menses.  The increased fractional calcium absorption
postweaning may be related to a gain in bone mineral density of the lumbar
spine within 6 months of weaning.
Kalkwarf, H.J. et al. Intestinal calcium absorption of women during
lactation and after weaning. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63(4); 526-31.

A history of long-term breastfeeding for >18 months (total months of
exclusive breastfeeding for all combined pregnancies) does not affect
lumbar BMD in healthy, postmenopausal women, even when groups with the same
number of live births are compared.  These results indicate that
breastfeeding should not be discouraged because it does not represent a
risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis in otherwise healthy women.
Sinigaglia, L. et al. Effect of lactation on postmenopausal bone mineral
density of the lumbar spine. J Reprod Med 1996; 41(6); 439-43.

Women lose bone density during lactation but gain bone after weaning.  Thus
lactation may not result in net bone loss.
Kalkwarf, H.J. et al. Bone mineral loss during lactation and recovery after
weaning. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 86(1); 26-32.

Women with the dual calcium demands of extended lactation and a subsequent
pregnancy are not at risk for failure of bone recovery to pre-lactation
levels.
Sowers, M. et al. A prospective study of bone density and pregnancy after
an extended period of lactation with bone loss.  Obstet Gynecol 1995: 85;
285-89.

The odds ratio that a woman with osteoporosis did not breastfeed her baby
was 4 times higher than for a control woman.
Blaauw, R. et al. Risk factors for development of osteoporosis in a South
African population.  SAMJ 1994: 84; 328-32.

The bone mineral content in 5-year-old children born prematurely whose
mothers chose to provide breast milk was significantly related to the
supplemental diet of banked donor breast milk or preterm formula they
received in the early weeks postpartum.  Increasing human milk intake had a
strong positive association with later bone mineral content.  Children fed
predominantly human milk had greater bone mineral content than children of
similar size born at term.
Bishop, N. et al. Early diet of preterm infants and bone mineralization at
age five years. Acta Paediatr 1996: 85; 230-36.

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