TGF-beta in human milk is associated with wheeze in infancy.

Oddy WH, Halonen M, Martinez FD, Lohman IC, Stern DA, Kurzius-Spencer
M, Guerra S, Wright AL.

Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, University of
Technology, Perth, Australia.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines secreted in human milk might play important roles
in newborn health and in the development of infant immune responses. We
investigated the relationship of the concentration and dose of
cytokines in human milk to infant wheeze at 1 year of age.... RESULTS:
Increasing duration of breast-feeding was significantly associated with
a decreased prevalence of wheeze (P =.039) .... CONCLUSION: This
analysis shows that the dose of TGF-beta1 received from milk has a
significant relationship with infant wheeze, which might account for at
least some of the protective effect of breast-feeding against wheeze.

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