Naomi has asked about the effects of formula on breastfeeding infants. I
have been writing and lecturing on "Just One Bottle" for many years. There
is a blossoming of new research on the infant gut microbiome and the
effects of various insults on it. Supplementing with one bottle a day of
infant formula changes the infant's gut microbiome towards proinflammatory
bacterial species, increases gut permeability, and decreases protective gut
bacteria. A summary article on this is:

O'Sullivan, Farver, & Smilowitz. (2015). The influence of early infant
feeding practices on the intestinal microbiome and body composition in
infants. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, 8, S1.

The more I learn about formula supplementation the scarier it gets. Just
one bottle invites gut dysbiosis and its unfortunate fall out.

Marsha Walker, RN, IBCLC
Weston, MA

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