I am sorry that I failed to state the number for the last patent and I have
had numerous requests for the website of the patent office.  So here it is:
http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html
patent from Novartis on Infant formula and amino acids
# 6645543

Of course, here is another interesting patent with the assignee being Abbott
Labs called "Nutritional formulations containing Lacto-N-neoTetraose"  patent
# 5906982 in which it is stated that the introduction of cow's milk or formula
in the exclusively breastfed infant causes a substantial increase in
Bacteroides, Clostridium, and E. Coli.  Correlated?  Causative?
Valerie W. McClain, IBCLC

"Many beneficial functions have been attributed to human milk and its
oligosaccharides. In fact, several studies have found that the stool of breast-fed
infants differs from that of formula-fed infants. More specifically, studies
have shown that stool from breast-fed infants has a lower pH, a higher proportion
of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, and a lower proportion of less
desirable putrefactive-type bacteria than the stools from formula-fed infants.
Studies have found that the low pH of human breast milk (5.0) inhibits the growth
of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium, spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli).
(Beerens, H., et al., Amer. J. Clin. Nut. 33:2434-2439 (November 1980, this
reference, as well as all other publications and patents disclosed herein, are
incorporated by reference). Therefore, the breast-fed infant possesses a natural
defense against Bacteroides, Clostridium, and E. coli, which gives the infant a
resistance to gastroenteritis. Id. Furthermore, the introduction of cow's milk
or formula into the diet of an exclusively breast-fed infant usually results in
a substantial increase in the number of these bacteria. Petschow, B. W., et
al., J. Clin. Microbio., 28:287-292 (1990).

Human breast milk is believed to contain certain factors which promote the
development of a favorable intestinal bacterial flora, specifically,
Bifidobacterium, which discourage the proliferation of pathogenic microbes. The growth of
Bifidobacterium in the intestine of a baby is believed to be promoted by the
physicochemical properties of human milk, particularly its high lactose
content, which is a substrate for Bifidobacterium, its low protein content, and its
low buffering capacity. Unfortunately, infant formula is believed to have a
high buffering capacity which is not favorable for the growth of
Bifidobacterium. Therefore, a need exists for a nutritional product for use in infants that
promotes the growth and proliferation of favorable intestinal microflora such
as for example, Bifidobacterium while inhibiting the growth of for example,
Bacteroides, Clostridium, and E. coli."





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