How about "Beethoven or Bust: A Practical Guide to Understanding and
Listening to Great Music" by David Hurvitz(Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1992)

Here's a list of the contents:

Part1 Mastering the Language (How do I listen?)
1. Classical Music?
2. Record Buying
3. Understanding the Orchestra: The Baroque-why use instruments?
4. Understanding the Orchestra: The Sonata Orchestra
5. Forms and Patterns: How is Music Organized?
6. Music Memory: Training the Ear to Recognize Musical Ideas
7. Large Forms in Small Packages: Chamber Music
8. Solo Personalities: The Concerto
9. Musical Description: Program Music
10.Musical Meaning: The Three Basic Kinds of Musical Expression

Part2 The Master's Voice (What do I listen to?)
88 Listening Groups (of 4 pieces each organized for comparison to learn to
recognize and understand a composer's unique voice, to learn how to put the
music in certain contexts, to note similarities and differences in the
styles of contemporeneous musicians)

Glossary (of frequently used musical terms)

Very readable and sensible.  Recommended.

Best,

alf