Hi Christina,

There are many causes of diarrhea. Killing off gut flora with antibiotics for example. Hypertonic pressures are known causes. Eat seven oranges (I've done it as a kid) and let me know how it goes. Sure. We can eat some hypertonic foods. But only so much. Opiods are know to slow the gut. Fluids are removed in the large intestine (primarily) as waste passes through.

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances will stop the heart. Potassium levels (as well as Ca) are vital. K was the drug first used in lethal injection. I've compounded  it with tham and dextrose in a protocol called cardioplegic solution. It stops the heart for CBG (by-pass surgery). I've had my own heart stopped with it.

I'm not sure what 'gut failure ' is. A complication of TPN is the volumetric loss of villi and microvilli (lymphatic tissue lining the gut). This can lead to trans location of intestinal bacteria into the portal vein and hepatic artery causing septicemia and death.

I sold an AA enteral product notorious for diarrhea. Hyperosmotic products will cause the runs ( sorry. But diarrhea is so damn hard to spell.) A tiny bit of CN won't hurt you...but cyanide is a poison.

But, what I am wondering is does osmolarity effect bees. Are they attracted or repelled? Do they suffer diarrhea or constipation? Is there a fluid and electrolyte change? What accounts for the differences when bees are fed honey, table sugar or HFCS? 

Lots of questions. I'll post what I think are answers and take your thought to heart.

JB

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