> Honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae reared in vitro were exposed to one of nine pesticides and/or were challenged with the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor.

> In general, we found significant gene-expression changes following mite exposure, and less pronounced changes following exposure to exogenous chemicals. This results mimics that seen recently for adult bees in colonies subjected to chemical acaricides (Boncristiani et al., 2012), for which gene-expression changes with chemical exposure were variable but generally minor.

Gene expression in honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae exposed to pesticides and Varroa mites (Varroa destructor)
Journal of Insect Physiology Volume 58, Issue 8, August 2012, Pages 1042–1049
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