More corroboration that N. ceranae is not an economic factor in honey production or hive strength and that fumagillin use is not justified
> N. ceranae intensity did not differ significantly between controls and fumagillin-treated colonies
> Damaging thresholds for N. ceranae have not been concretely quantified, and only limited data set the threshold at >1million N. apis spores per bee.
> More research is needed to understand damage thresholds for both N. apis and N. ceranae under a number of environmental conditions, and for a diversity of haplotypes, because Nova Scotia colonies appear to be unaffected in spring when mean spore counts of foraging bees were >10 million the previous fall
> Very little is known about consequences of N. ceranae to western honey bees because of its recent detection. Understanding factors influencing colony-level pathology of N. ceranae is crucial, particularly due to conflicting data suggesting that the parasite is more pathogenic in Europe than in North America
Williams, G. R., Shutler, D., Little, C. M., Burgher-Maclellan, K. L., & Rogers, R. E. (2010).
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> It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to prepare, sell, barter, or exchange in any place under the jurisdiction of the United States any worthless, contaminated, dangerous, or harmful virus, serum, toxin, or analogous product intended for use in the treatment of domestic animals
21 USC ยง 151 - Preparation and sale of worthless or harmful products for domestic animals prohibited
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