Our work suggests that Nosema ceranae and viruses spread through yards, and 
 that drift among colonies is often higher than the articles and books 
would  indicate.  Also, the notion that drift goes to end of lines, corners of  
yard is only partially true.  There are hives that consistently lose bees  
each day, others that gain bees, and these may be in the middle of the  yard.
 
From a practical standpoint, folks who have what I call CCD have mixed  
results when 'adding' bees to sick colonies.  My observation - about 50% of  
these survive, the others fail again.  I agree with Hackenberg - any  attempt 
to put bees back on CCD colony combs before robbing resumes is likely to  
fail.
 
My biggest concern- open bulk feeding in yards.  That alone  ensures 
democratic exposure to pathogens.
 
Jerry

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