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Subject:
From:
Jerry Shue <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Tue, 1 Jan 2019 10:58:14 -0700
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Pete - Thanks for pointing out this article. I think we all appreciate your
bibliographic services.

But why not make it clear to the reader that you are *not* pasting in the
author's Abstract but instead a collection of snippets chosen by you.
Quotes and ellipses would help the reader understand what is being
presented.

Other interesting snippits could include...

"...given the high diversity of mtDNA haplotypes observed among feral honey
bees in Utah, this gives evidence that these feral honey bees were not
exposed to Varroa mites."

 "These feral colonies [up to 50 miles from any domestic hives] may not
have been manipulated by beekeepers for a long period of time and may have
adapted to the various stresses that threaten their survival."

"Another possible reason [for colonies above 1300 m] is that the A lineage
samples collected in our study from Utah, which were found at elevations as
high as 1357 m, are not A. m. scutellata, but a different A lineage
subspecies. This could provide evidence that some of the A lineage honey
bees from Utah, are not A. m. scutellata that entered the United States in
1990 from Brazil (Sugden & Williams, 1990), and were introduced to Utah
before 1990.
...
I'm not bringing this up to somehow defend or promote the South East Utah
feral populations (full disclosure, I collected some of the samples), but
to point out that the paper raises interesting biological questions that
you skipped over in your summary.

[the actual] Abstract

A study was conducted on the mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity of feral
colonies and swarms of Apis mellifera from ten counties in Utah by
sequencing the intergenic region of the cytochrome oxidase (COI-COII) gene
region. A total of 20 haplotypes were found from 174 honey bee colony
samples collected from 2008 to 2017. Samples belonged to the A (African)
(48%); C (Eastern Europe) (43%); M (Western Europe) (4%); and O (Oriental)
lineages (5%). Ten African A lineage haplotypes were observed with two
unique to Utah among A lineage haplotypes recorded in the US. Haplotypes
belonging to the A lineage were observed from six Utah counties located in
the southern portion of the State, from elevations as high as 1357 m. All
five C lineage haplotypes that were found have been observed from queen
breeders in the US. Three haplotypes of the M lineage (n=7) and two of the
O lineage (n=9) were also observed. This study provides evidence that honey
bees of African descent are both common and diverse in wild populations of
honey bees in southern Utah. The high levels of genetic diversity of A
lineage honey bee colonies in Utah provide evidence that the lineage may
have been established in Utah before the introduction of A lineage honey
bees from Brazil to Texas in 1990.

Jerry Shue
Moab, Utah

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