In addition to PB reply: Generally we used to use microscopic examination to id nosema. This method is not accurate to distinguish between the two species. Thanks to DNA genomic technology that provided the means to separate the two species. This is not uncommon. In taxonomic of complex species in insects where morphometric description of species and biological information were  used, genomic studies showed the difference and more species were id and named. By the same means V. jacobsoni was classified and named for years, till Anderson found it is a different species V, destructor.

Medhat

Dr. Medhat Nasr
Alberta Provincial Apiculturist
Pest Surveillance Branch
Crop Research and Extension
Agriculture and Rural Development
17507 Fort Road NW
Edmonton, AB T5Y 6H3 Canada
Tel: 780-415-2314             Fax: 780-422- 6096
E-mail:  [log in to unmask]
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