> In the present study three therapeutic agents (Nosestat®, Phenyl salicylate and Vitafeed Gold®) have been tested to control N. ceranae infection in honey bee colonies, and have been compared to the use of fumagillin. None of the products tested was effective against Nosema under our experimental conditions.

Currently the only effective treatment for N. apis and N. ceranae
infection is fumagillin (Higes et al., 2011). However, prolonged fumagillin usage in apiculture
may contribute to these microsporidia developing resistance to this drug and as reported
recently, declining concentrations of this molecule may exacerbate N. ceranae infection rather
than suppress it (Huang et al., 2013). ... Furthermore, the use of this antibiotic is no longer
licensed in the majority of EU member states, yet there are currently few alternatives available
to control this disease. Only the colonies treated with fumagillin (group FUM) showed a
significantly larger adult bee population than the control colonies at the moment of highest
colony activity (June 2009), which could reflect the stronger effect of this molecule in
controlling nosemosis than that of the other treatments. 

Botías, C., Martín-Hernández, R., Meana, A., Higes, M., Screening alternative therapies to control Nosemosis type C in honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) colonies, Research in Veterinary Science (2013), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.09.012

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