> this could be done by frontier/barrier/exclusion or ...

With all due respect, I spent a lot of time researching the history of bee breeding. It is full of proposals, propositions, and projections -- but very sparse results. Were I to make a recommendation, it would be to have a hard look at what didn't work and what did, before making any predictions. As Randy mentioned, the African bees in Africa developed varroa resistance in less than a decade, but they didn't do it by conventional breeding methods.

PLB

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