>> Colonies that had not been treated with Perizin_ for up to 18 months
still contain coumaphos Wax newly produced by bees may contain coumaphos
residues because there might be an exchange of coumaphos between the combs
and the bee’s cuticle, which contains hydrocarbons (Van Buren et al., 1992).

Pete, this finding has been confirmed by unpublished research on both the
West and East coasts of the US.  Even native bees are becoming contaminated
with coumaphos--apparently from contact with honeybees at the flowers, or
perhaps from residues left by honey bees on flowers.

New volunteer comb drawn by honey bees in clean boxes also contains
coumaphos residues.  We have so thoroughly contaminated the bee environment
with this product that bees simply can't escape it!

The end result is that we a selecting for bees that have innate resistance
to coumaphos.

Randy Oliver

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