Juanse, thanks for sharing this interesting info with us. I found it 
particularly interesting, since although Fumidil proved very effective 
against your Nosema ceranae infection, and when used as part of your 
overwintering management strategy reduced winter losses substantially (group 
C), we here in Western Australia would not be able to do the same. 
Antibiotic use on bees and hives, including Fumidil, is illegal here, and 
that is unlikely to change ever, my guess. So we have no means of treating 
Nosema infections. However the chlorine/acetic acid feeding is quite legal, 
a) if can be shown to be effective and b) if it proved necessary. 
Fortunately Nosema ceranae has not arrived here (yet), so it probably isn't 
necessary, and as you have shown, it still isn't proven to be completely 
effective. I am curious as to whether or not it may have some value in 
treating Nosema apis which we certainly do have. Your results indicate some 
combination of supplemental nutrition and chlorine/acetic acid may have 
value here, when comparing results from groups A and B, although differences 
in varroa treatments do complicate the interpretation and may have 
influenced the outcome. Are you aware of any other chlorine feeding trials? 
Is anyone else on the list using chlorine or acetic acid internally in bees 
for nosema treatment. Acetic acid fumigation for controlling Nosema apis 
spores in stored combs is proven very effective, although how widely used I 
am not aware. Its certainly not common practice here in Western Australia.

Peter Detchon 

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