From: Peter Edwards <[log in to unmask]>

>...we now have some numbers and it has been 
shown that amounts previously thought to be 'below
levels considered harmful to bees' do in fact cause serious health problems; 

Well, yes and no.  On caged bees, lacking exposure to a viable colony, fed sugar, and innoculated with nosema (well, inoculated with extract of infected bee....Starks et al found that approach to inoculating with chalkbrood, which was the common way it was done, contained a lot more than Ascosphaera apis).

..but as Peter B. pointed out from the study:

"Individual bees in our study
showed a marked increase in Nosema spore production in
the laboratory but the parent colonies failed to show increased
Nosema levels over time."

deknow

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