Re Allens question about Apistans action on trach. mites, I was at the
annual Federation of Irish Beekeepers summer course at Gormanston several
weeks ago.  While Ireland has not found Varroa and thus, Irish beekeepers
are not having to treat with Apistan, there were a number of English
beekeepers at the conference.  Many of them made the statement that, since
they had to begin using Apistan, tracheal mites were a thing of the past.
Also claimed that it totally eliminated the bee louse as well.
Just hearsay but thought I would pass it along.
 
Patrick M. O'Hearn
Bears Choice Honey
Aztec, New Mexico