> Perhaps we should use the scientific term "diutinus" bees (meaning
> long-lived).  Bees can go into this state either in winter, or during any
> time of dearth or stress.  It appears to be a survival mechanism which
> allows for extended lifespan when forage is cut off.

It appears that calorie restriction extends life expectancy.  Research on a 
number of species indicate that a 30% decrease in intake has an effect.  I 
don't know that honeybees have been included, but other insects have.  It 
would seem to be a survival tactic that would come into play each fall when 
forage falls off giving the longer lifespan to the winter bees.

If the October/November bees had the six-week lifespan of a June bee, we 
would all be out of business.  The bees would have disappeared long ago.

Larry Krengel
Marengo, IL

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