...  Chris Mullin and his cooperators at 
Penn State University (ABJ Abstract #20)  
have been reverse-engineering some pesti-
cide formulations and testing some of the 
common “inert ingredi-ents” for honey bee 
toxicity.  N-methylpyr-rolidone (NMP) was 
the first to be empha-sized.  The researchers 
found that NMP is toxic to honey bees, 
especially so for brood.  With a bit of NMP 
in the commercial form-ulations, Bravo®
as four times as toxic to brood as the 
active ingredient chlorothalonil is by itself.  
Tactik® also was four times as toxic to 
brood as was straight Amitraz.  As I 
mentioned earlier, it is going to be very 
difficult to try to regulate pesticides based 
on potential danger to bees when so many 
inert ingredients and adjuvants are compli-
cating the picture. 

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