> I think there is ample work to support 
> the contention that N. ceranae is not 
> a serious pest of bees in the summer 
> in temperate zones such as Northeast 
> USA and Northwestern Europe.

But there is very detailed and ample work to firmly contradict that
contention.
Below is just one paper.

TL;DR:  Nosema ceranae is very persistent in commercial operations, even
when prudent treatment is attempted.
If it were not "serious", then there would be little concern about the
persistence in the face of treatment.

"Temporal Analysis of the Honey Bee Microbiome Reveals Four Novel Viruses
and Seasonal Prevalence of Known Viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia".  
DeRisi, et al.
PLoS ONE 6(6): e20656. 
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020656

http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journ
al.pone.0020656&representation=PDF

http://tinyurl.com/pteebem

Fig 2 is very important to understanding just how persistent Nosema ceranae
is, but it does take some time to understand.
(It was hard to do, so it should be hard to understand without putting in
some effort.)

Joe DeRisi is, without doubt, the best in the field of genetic analysis.


		

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